My Research Questions:
1.why the ozone layer is destroyed at a certain degree ?
2.why is it a big deal?
3.when did it start?
My Summary:
Research project (ESOL) Susan Jeong
In 1980s, the ozone depletion became a controversial issue in many different parts of society. The government has attempted to slow down the depletion and with the international agreements, they tried to minimize health and environment problem. The ozone layer got its name from particles that form the ozone layer ozone(O3). Without it, the earth’s inhabitants and environment are exposed to UV-B rays. The function of the ozone layer is to absorbs UVB ultraviolet light from the Sun, ozone layer depletion is expected to increase surface UVB levels, which could lead to damage, including increases in skin cancer.
The reason why people are so concerned about the ozone depletion is because without the ozone layer it can directly affect living organism on earth. The function of the ozone layer is to absorb the UVB ultraviolet light from the sun. If this doesn’t work properly due to the hole of ozone layer, it can cause the skin cancer. Moreover, an increased UV rays can also affect the crops. Some of the crops are economically important species such as rice which it depends on cyanobacteria residing on their roots for the retention of nitrogen. Cyanobacteria are sensitive to UV light and they would be affected by its increase. The increased surface UV also represents an increase in the vitamin D synthetic capacity of the sunlight. The cancer preventive effects of vitamin D are the only positive effect on living organism on earth.
Although the connection between ozone depletion and global warming is not strong, both of them are cause by specific gases. In global warming, it is the carbon dioxide, and in ozone depletion, it is the CFCs and halocarbons. The overall cause of the ozone destruction is due to the presence of the chlorine-containing gases. The UV light itself and CI containing itself is not bad. However when they met in the air, the UV ray dissociates the CI-containing gases leads to the destruction of ozone layer. The CI-catalyzed ozone depletion can take place in the gas phase but the amount of the gas greatly increased in the presence of the polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). These polar stratospheric clouds are formed under extremely cold condition. As you know, the winter of polar is dark and cold, without solar radiation (sunlight) for 3-months. All the weathers of the polar make it favorable to create these cloud particles that are composed of either nitric acid or ice. Both types provide surfaces for chemical reactions that lead to ozone destruction.
There are some actions that are already taken to prevent further destruction. The government of countries made an international agreement in order to save the ozone layer, calling nation to reduce certain emission of gases. And many governments are putting efforts to reduce the use of sprays which emits CFCs. In my opinion, I think it is time for people to recognize the problems and return our earth into original shape. It’s easy to mend a hole that is small. But as it gets bigger and bigger, it takes twice as much time and effort to mend it. We are not late, if we start today.
The action plan
Goal-Based on your research from Part !, how do you want to have a positive impact on our environment?
Because we can’t make enough ozone particles in the air to replace what’s been destroyed, the only way to slow down the ozone depletion is to stop producing ozone depleting substances. As people delay to end the production of ozone depleting substances, it only result in additional damage and prolong the ozone layer’s recovery.
The factory can stop selling products of spray.
People can conserve energy, it helps to reduce the emissions associated with energy production. Strategies-What are some specific actions you will take to achieve this goal?
-One solution is to recycle. CFCs from refrigerators and air conditioners can be recovered using machines such as this portable device made by refrigerant recovery systems of Tampa, Florida. Things everyone can do now.
-Do not buy household products, including certain hair sprays, spot removers, and solvents, that contain ozone destroying chemicals such as CFCs and methyl chloroform.
-Purchase non-halon containing fire extinguishers.
-Avoid using polystyrene foam products-food and drink containers, insulation materials, and packaging- that contain CFCs.
-Pressure companies that use the products such as fast food and mail- order businesses to switch to safer alternatives.
-Several methods of persuasion include writing letters to company officials, refusing to buy unnecessary packaging, and boycotting when other strategies fail.
-Ask dry cleaners to stop using CFC solvents or to avoid dry cleaning altogether-buy clothing made from washable fabrics such as cotton.
-If your home or automobile air is serviced, ask that the CFC-containing coolant be drained into a closed container rather than evaporated also request that it be recycled. Replace car air conditioner hoses every three years to prevent CFC leakage.
Timeline-When will you do these things and how often?
-send letters to CFC-containing product sellers monthly.
-use car refrigerator only 3 days a week
-pick one day a week to leave your car at home to reduce using of air-conditioner in car.
-turn your computuer off before you go to bed, they emit tremendous amount of harmful gases.
Resources
-non- halon containing fire extinguishers
-non CFCs containing refrigerators
-a closed container so that it cannot be evaporated into the air
-safer alternative in fast food
-people's co-operation
-beliefs
How do you know it worked?
There are data that recorded the rate of ozone depletion. The ozone layer is destroyed at he rate of 1.7% to 3% over the entire year with as high as 6% depletions recorded during the winter. If the rate of the ozone depletion drops we know that it finally stopped. People can survey the population of people who are suffering from the skin cancer and compare them with previous surveys. More crops are able to be produced.
My Research Questions:
1.why the ozone layer is destroyed at a certain degree ?
2.why is it a big deal?
3.when did it start?
My Summary:
Research project (ESOL) Susan Jeong
In 1980s, the ozone depletion became a controversial issue in many different parts of society. The government has attempted to slow down the depletion and with the international agreements, they tried to minimize health and environment problem. The ozone layer got its name from particles that form the ozone layer ozone(O3). Without it, the earth’s inhabitants and environment are exposed to UV-B rays. The function of the ozone layer is to absorbs UVB ultraviolet light from the Sun, ozone layer depletion is expected to increase surface UVB levels, which could lead to damage, including increases in skin cancer.
The reason why people are so concerned about the ozone depletion is because without the ozone layer it can directly affect living organism on earth. The function of the ozone layer is to absorb the UVB ultraviolet light from the sun. If this doesn’t work properly due to the hole of ozone layer, it can cause the skin cancer. Moreover, an increased UV rays can also affect the crops. Some of the crops are economically important species such as rice which it depends on cyanobacteria residing on their roots for the retention of nitrogen. Cyanobacteria are sensitive to UV light and they would be affected by its increase. The increased surface UV also represents an increase in the vitamin D synthetic capacity of the sunlight. The cancer preventive effects of vitamin D are the only positive effect on living organism on earth.Although the connection between ozone depletion and global warming is not strong, both of them are cause by specific gases. In global warming, it is the carbon dioxide, and in ozone depletion, it is the CFCs and halocarbons. The overall cause of the ozone destruction is due to the presence of the chlorine-containing gases. The UV light itself and CI containing itself is not bad. However when they met in the air, the UV ray dissociates the CI-containing gases leads to the destruction of ozone layer. The CI-catalyzed ozone depletion can take place in the gas phase but the amount of the gas greatly increased in the presence of the polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). These polar stratospheric clouds are formed under extremely cold condition. As you know, the winter of polar is dark and cold, without solar radiation (sunlight) for 3-months. All the weathers of the polar make it favorable to create these cloud particles that are composed of either nitric acid or ice. Both types provide surfaces for chemical reactions that lead to ozone destruction.
There are some actions that are already taken to prevent further destruction. The government of countries made an international agreement in order to save the ozone layer, calling nation to reduce certain emission of gases. And many governments are putting efforts to reduce the use of sprays which emits CFCs. In my opinion, I think it is time for people to recognize the problems and return our earth into original shape. It’s easy to mend a hole that is small. But as it gets bigger and bigger, it takes twice as much time and effort to mend it. We are not late, if we start today.
The action plan
Goal-Based on your research from Part !, how do you want to have a positive impact on our environment?
Because we can’t make enough ozone particles in the air to replace what’s been destroyed, the only way to slow down the ozone depletion is to stop producing ozone depleting substances. As people delay to end the production of ozone depleting substances, it only result in additional damage and prolong the ozone layer’s recovery.
The factory can stop selling products of spray.
People can conserve energy, it helps to reduce the emissions associated with energy production.
Strategies-What are some specific actions you will take to achieve this goal?
-One solution is to recycle. CFCs from refrigerators and air conditioners can be recovered using machines such as this portable device made by refrigerant recovery systems of Tampa, Florida.
Things everyone can do now.
-Do not buy household products, including certain hair sprays, spot removers, and solvents, that contain ozone destroying chemicals such as CFCs and methyl chloroform.
-Purchase non-halon containing fire extinguishers.
-Avoid using polystyrene foam products-food and drink containers, insulation materials, and packaging- that contain CFCs.
-Pressure companies that use the products such as fast food and mail- order businesses to switch to safer alternatives.
-Several methods of persuasion include writing letters to company officials, refusing to buy unnecessary packaging, and boycotting when other strategies fail.
-Ask dry cleaners to stop using CFC solvents or to avoid dry cleaning altogether-buy clothing made from washable fabrics such as cotton.
-If your home or automobile air is serviced, ask that the CFC-containing coolant be drained into a closed container rather than evaporated also request that it be recycled. Replace car air conditioner hoses every three years to prevent CFC leakage.
Timeline-When will you do these things and how often?
-send letters to CFC-containing product sellers monthly.
-use car refrigerator only 3 days a week
-pick one day a week to leave your car at home to reduce using of air-conditioner in car.
-turn your computuer off before you go to bed, they emit tremendous amount of harmful gases.
Resources
-non- halon containing fire extinguishers
-non CFCs containing refrigerators
-a closed container so that it cannot be evaporated into the air
-safer alternative in fast food
-people's co-operation
-beliefs
How do you know it worked?
There are data that recorded the rate of ozone depletion. The ozone layer is destroyed at he rate of 1.7% to 3% over the entire year with as high as 6% depletions recorded during the winter. If the rate of the ozone depletion drops we know that it finally stopped. People can survey the population of people who are suffering from the skin cancer and compare them with previous surveys. More crops are able to be produced.
Bibliography
Fisher, Marshall. The Ozone Layer. New York: Chelsea House, 1992. 75-87.
Gleason, Karlean L. "Science: the Ozone Basics." NDAA. 20 Mar. 2008. 12 May 2008 <http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/science/basics.htm>.
"Ground Level Ozone Primer." Air Polltion:What's the Solution? Stevens Institution of Technology. 10 May 2008 <http://www.ciese.org/curriculum/airproj/ozoneprimer.html>.
"Ozone Depletion." Wikipedia. 9 May 2008. Wikimedia,Foundation, Inc. 10 May 2008 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletion>.
Pickrell, John. "Ozone Layer Maybe on the Mend, New Data Suggest." National Geographic. 5 Aug. 2003. National Geographic Society. 10 May 2008 <http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/08/0805_030805_ozone.html>.
Sparling, Brien. "The Ozone Layer." NAS. 30 May 2001. Nasa Official: Walts Brooks. 10 May 2008 <http://www.nas.nasa.gov/About/Education/Ozone/ozonelayer.html>.
St.john, Stephen G. "Ozone Depletion." National Geographic. National Geographic Society. 10 May 2008 <http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/environment/environmental- threats/ozone-depletion-overview.html>.
"The Ozone Layer: Past, Present. Future." Articleclick. 2008. 2008 Articleclick.Com Free Articles. 10 May 2008 <http://www.articleclick.com/the-ozone-layer- past,-present,-and-future.html>.